Vitamin D And Cardiac Disease

Apart from regulating blood pressure vitamin D also regulate endothelial and smooth muscle cell muscles most studies support 25 OH vitamin D having protective effects on cardiovascular system. The aim of the present paper was to review the most important mechanisms explaining the possible association of vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases focusing on recent experimental and clinical data.

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Observational studies clearly demonstrate a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in individuals with low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25OHD.

Vitamin d and cardiac disease. Article p 846. 13 rows The active metabolite of vitamin D 1α25-dihydroxyvitamin D binds to the vitamin D. During the last two decades the potential impact of vitamin D on the risk of cardiovascular disease CVD has been rigorously studied.

Disruption of vitamin D signaling in animal models promotes hypertension cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. Observational data indicate an inverse nonlinear association between vitamin D status and CVD events with the highest CVD risk at severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D level supplementation has increased in primary care settings in the United States.

In subjects at moderately high risk for coronary heart disease endogenous serum vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with the extent of coronary artery calcification as. Cross-sectional studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of CVD including hypertension heart failure and ischemic heart disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system but data from longitudinal studies are lacking.

Although vitamin D supplementation improves bone strength elevated serum vitamin D levels may be associated with lower levels of vascular calcification. It found no association between vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid produced in the skin as a result of sunlight exposure and its circulating levels are reduced in a wide variety of chronic illnesses and obesity.

However this association of vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases is based on observation ecological studies and thus is a matter of controversy. Methods and Results We studied 1739 Framingham Offspring Study participants mean age 59 years. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL VITAL is an ongoing double-blind placebo-controlled RCT to assess the impact of 2000 IU vitamin D andor omega-3 fatty acids on heart disease stroke and cancer in 20000 healthy men and women in the US.

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications of cardiovascular disease CVD. 1112 Assessment of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular disease prevention has been a subject of growing interest in recent randomized clinical trials RCTs. This evidence has led to the initiation of prospective randomized trials of.

But recent studies found vitamin D supplements did not bolster heart health. Low vitamin D levels favor atherosclerosis enabling vascular inflammation endothelial dysfunction formation of foam cells and proliferation of. 23 A British trial that tested 100 000 IU of vitamin D 3 or placebo every 4 months equivalent to 833 IUd for up to 5 years with cardiovascular disease.

In epidemiologic studies vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Disruption of vitamin D signaling in animal models promotes hypertension cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. Vitamin D deficiency has a high prevalence in Europe and the United States.

This evidence has led to the initiation of prospective randomized trials of. This evidence has led to the initiation of prospective randomized trials of. Increased metalloproteinases have been associated with cardiac fibrosis hypertrophy and heart failure in mice 33 34.

Defining this relationship has been challenging and the clinical application of vitamin D screening and supplementation for CVD risk prevention and modification remain uncertain. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D plays a role in determining risk for various cardiometabolic outcomes particularly metabolic syndrome MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and systemic hypertension 1 2 19Epidemiological studies also suggest that the rate of hypertension T2DM and coronary heart disease CHD. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.

Vitamin D and CV Risk Factors. Which improves bone. In epidemiologic studies vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

It is also linked with worse cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 13-16 Owing to insufficient data regarding cardiovascular benefits of screening and. Initial prospective studies have also demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing incident hypertension or sudden cardiac death in individuals.

1 In 1925 the role of UV light in the synthesis of vitamin D was hypothesized. Another indirect effect of vitamin D on CVD is the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 production. A collaboration that began in 1916 spanning Germany England and New York led to the ultimate discovery of pro-vitamin D cholecalciferol D 3 ergocalciferol D 2 and calcitriol.

Another RCT Vitamin D Insulin. Although vitamin D is best known for its role in developing strong bones low blood levels have been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. In the past studies on vitamin D have concentrated mostly on bone metabolism however according to recent studies inadequate vitamin D has been related to major nonskeletal chronic illnesses particularly cardiovascular disease.

Data regarding the effect of vitamin D on CVD risk are puzzling. Thus vitamin D is implicated in blood pressure regulation and myocardial thickening. Disruption of vitamin D signaling in animal models promotes hypertension cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis.

This relationship can potentially be explained by. All white without prior cardiovascular disease. There is a paucity of randomized controlled trials of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease events and absence of any trials with cardiovascular disease as the primary prespecified outcome.

In the early 19 th century scientists postulated that cod-liver oil could treat the bone weakening disease rickets. Initially there was a lot of enthusiasm for vitamin D treatment for cardiovascular disease and this was. However meta-analyses of vitamin D supplementation trials have failed to show clear improvements in blood pressure insulin sensitivity or lipid parameters thus suggesting that the link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease may be an epiphenomenon.

17 Enrollment for VITAL is complete and results are expected in 2017. In epidemiologic studies vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

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